Author(s) :

Ndomba Belebele Samuel.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

With regard to the provisions of article 16 paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Constitution of 18 February 2006 and the judgment rendered by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Democratic Republic of Congo on 19 August 2011 under R. CONST 166, it is clear that the penalty of forced labour has been extirpated from the Congolese legal arsenal and can no longer be applied by the Courts and Tribunals because no jurisdiction has been given the power by the legislature to make it. However, it is observed in practice by the courts and tribunals that persons prosecuted and convicted of the offence of embezzlement of public funds with the penalty of forced labour serve this sentence in prison, whereas article 6 bis, paragraph 3, of the Congolese Penal Code, Book 1, prohibits the assimilation and confusion of the penalty of forced labour with that of penal servitude. This practice constitutes both impunity and arbitrariness, which must be banished at all costs through the promulgation of the law on the Abolition of the Penalty of Forced Labour.

No. of Downloads :

33

Author(s) :

Kisasa Kafutshi Robert, Punga Kumanenge Julien.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The aim of this study was to determine the ‘’ relative influence of habitat modification on bird assemblage’’. To estimate the ecological interest of reforestation on the Campus of Notre Dame du Kasaï site, the birds were photographed, identified and then compared to all species listed in Avibase of the region. The site hosts about 12.4% of species identified throughout the region. The following birds would be new to the Kananga area compared to Kasaï-Central bird Checklist: Bubulcus ibis, Upupa africana, Lanius collaris, Terpsiphone rufocinerea et Camaroptera brevicaudata. This study consists in demonstrating the impact of reforestation on wildlife, particularly birds. This aspect of applied biology is therefore part of the context of conservation biology. The publication of the species is a strategy for their visibility to lovers of eco-tourism based on bird watching. This could attract them and thus contribute to the economy of the region. It is on the basis of all this information that on the one hand, eco-tourism based on bird observations could develop throughout the Kasaï-Central province and on the other hand, strategies for the protection of vulnerable species will be proposed.

No. of Downloads :

13

Author(s) :

Lupaya Kitama Elie, Musenge Ameneya François, Kopele Bonisa Bibiche , Musibono Dieudonné.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Human activities are damaging the environment, thus creating environmental disasters. The main concern is about the lack of data predicting these destructions. Households of Mbuku municipality (Kinshasa, D R Congo) usually use various energy sources such as logs (wood) and charcoal, oil (petrol), batteries and generators. All these energy sources are expensive and increase family financial vulnerability. The balance between ecology, energy and cost is not confortable and negatively impacts on family finances. However, our field investigation data revealed that using electricity from The national power supply Company (i.e. SNEL) is cheaper than all above energy sources. Indeed, SNEL generates its electricity from hydraulic source. The hydropower is ecologically clean, financially cheaper and sustainable. The results of our field investigations showed that households are daily spending a lot of money for the energy from oil and wood; whereas batteries and generators are weekly used. Finally, the ecological energy balance in Mbuku Municipality is negative.

No. of Downloads :

18

Author(s) :

Butoto Imani wa Rusaati.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Proverbs are a collection of human and linguistic expressions that contain the traditional wisdom of a tribe. Fuliiru people in the Democratic Republic of Congo use proverbs to express their way of life. These proverbs refer to animals, plants, and other forms of creatures. This study aims to analyze the importance of animal biodiversity in Fuliiru paremiology. A descriptive qualitative method was carried out using data from the book “Recueil des proverbs Fuliiru”. The animals were found and classified in class, order, and family. A total of 136 (11.8%) proverbs out of 1150 contained animal names. 36 animals belonging to 6 classes, 20 orders, and 24 families were found. The mammal class was the dominant class followed by the class of insect. Bovidae was the most represented family. The animals with the highest cited rank were dogs, chickens, and cows. This high animal diversity in the Fuliiru proverbs is evidence that animals play an important role in their life.

No. of Downloads :

20

Author(s) :

Liolocha Heradi Yannick, Lisimo Alingi Augustin .

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Since the end of World War II, development has always been a major question. For example, in 1948 and 1949, the United Nations will hold meetings and resolutions on the problem of underdevelopment. At the Batoeng Conferences in 1955 and 1961, where third-world countries gathered, the international organizations expressed their greatest concern to avoid irreversible deterioration in the situation of poor countries.These organizations decided to dedicate the period 1960 to 1970 to the “decade of development”. Which are the different internal and external constraints at the bottom of the lack of emergence in Africa? The objective of our study is to seize the whole company, to understand the causes of failure, and to identify the various strategies of development models proposed for the departure of the African continent.We are using the comparative method and complementing it with documentary technology. In the final analysis, the examination of concrete facts revealed that the proposed solutions were not well suited to the unique circumstances of Africa. The absence of a holistic understanding of Africa's population, coupled with the insufficient local capital and political commitment among African leaders, shaped these models as autonomous and self-directed. This is particularly disheartening, considering that strategies rooted in Western approaches proved inadequate in meeting the pressing needs of Africans, spanning areas such as food security, education, community health, basic socio-economic infrastructure, and road development.

No. of Downloads :

35

Author(s) :

Lisimo Alingi Agustin, Bavua Siméon Eastone.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The practices of the diplomacy are older than the colonial penetration in Africa, particularly in Democratic Republic of Congo. They appeared through the great sets in particular the empires and the kingdoms.These practices were remarkable in the friendly relations of the empires Lunda, Luba and of the kingdoms Kongo and Kuba to quote only these. They were in the center of a whole network of the diplomatic relations. Thus, pharaonic Egypt, according to Edmond Jouves, did not live in closed mud. It maintained the relationship with other States. In same optics Ramses II and the King of Hittites signed the treaty known in the past under the name of Perle. How did diplomatic mechanisms influence the management of tensions between these two entities before colonization? This is the main question? The object of our study is explained by the existence of the elements of the diplomacy in preetatic period, so that in the event of effectiveness, they can constitute a plate of the modern diplomacy related to the regulation of the conflicts interetatic. We chose the historical method which will be supplemented by the documentary technique. In Africa, before colonization, the empires and the kingdoms were preetatic politico-administrative entities marked by the dialogue, the negotiation, the mediation, barters and even by the civil war enter them to the case of non-observance of the concluded rules. Therefore, we questioned ourselves on the past for better including/understanding the present and arming themselves for facing the future well

No. of Downloads :

5

Author(s) :

Mbikay Kadima Pierrot, Ngemale Dongbo Songo-ma-Gbulu Maurice, Musenga Tshiey Virginie, Matand Twileng Alphonse, Kadima Kamunukamba Célestin .

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

This study aimed to assess the socio-environmental impact of wood use in households in Kisangani, Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Additionally, it sought to identify and analyze remediation strategies that could mitigate these impacts. The study aimed to understand current household practices regarding wood use, with the goal of proposing recommendations for a more sustainable utilization of forest resources. The findings indicate that wood use has negative externalities in Kisangani households, contributing to health issues such as pneumonia, irritation of ocular surfaces (allergic conjunctivitis), bronchopneumonia, as well as deforestation, loss of non-timber forest products, climate change, etc. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the necessity of adopting sustainable remediation strategies. The results underscore the urgency of raising awareness within the community about responsible forest management practices and promoting the use of ecological alternatives. Collaborative efforts involving local authorities, NGOs, and the local population are essential to preserve the environment while meeting household energy needs.

No. of Downloads :

8

Author(s) :

Ndemi Kyling, Lubini Ayingweu Constantin, Saka-Ukpa Faustin.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

In the town of Inongo, Maï-Ndombe Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the sociocultural phenomenon ―ambo-ambo‖ is in vogue. Considering its current deployment in the socio-cultural environment, it risks harming the vision, culture and practice of sustainable development in this environment. Hence, a socio-environmental field survey consisting of a representative sampling of 1558 subjects was organized in the Municipality of Pongonzoli in order to understand and explain the essence, causes and consequences of the phenomenon. Supported by direct and qualitative observation, documentary review, interviews and the systemic approach to the collection, processing and analysis of data, the study was able to obtain the following major results: 87.5% of subjects recognize the existence of the ―ambo-ambo‖ phenomenon understood as ―a diplomacy of lies‖ (44% of subjects surveyed) stolen by users for ―courtesy‖ (55% of subjects surveyed). The ethnic groups responsible for the phenomenon are essentially the Bolia (53.6% of the subjects surveyed) and the Ntomba (44.4% of the subjects surveyed). Its diffusion occurs through ―borrowing‖ (52.2% of the subjects surveyed) from the original cultural cores. Its practice responds to the ―imperatives of survival‖ (40% of subjects surveyed) to end poverty. Its consequences on a social, psychological, cultural and ethical level are, among others: conflicts (43% of subjects surveyed); personality crisis (53% of subjects surveyed); intellectual hypocrisy (46% of subjects surveyed), irresponsibility and cult of mediocrity (47% of subjects surveyed). To overcome the phenomenon and in order to build together a culture of sustainable development, the study proposes the following: the reduction of extreme poverty, the improvement of socio-environmental governance, the good management of public freedom for all, the fight against irresponsibility through legal sanctions and anti-values.

No. of Downloads :

6