Author(s) :

Martin Matsanga Solo, Coutinho Ndombele Mbembe, Léon Diambu Phola, Pascal Kokota Kongbo, Onésime Nsindu Gekuwaku, Gisele Kubindana Bonda, Gaëtan Kalala Bolokango, Patrick Kinkela Mafwila, Alexandre Tona Tona.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

This literature review analyzes the energy metabolism of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and the factors that may influence their biological and zootechnical performance. It was conducted based on a critical analysis of scientific publications indexed in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar between 2010 and 2025. The results show that H. illucens larvae exhibit high metabolic plasticity, enabling them to convert a wide variety of organic substrates into biomass rich in protein and lipids. Their feed conversion efficiency, often characterized by an FCR of less than 2, represents a major advantage over several conventional farmed species. Temperature, humidity, pH, larval density, and the substrate’s carbon-to-nitrogen ratio directly influence growth, survival, enzymatic activity, and bioconversion. The most favorable conditions reported in the literature generally range from 27 to 30 °C for temperature, 60 to 70% for humidity, 6.5 to 7.0 for pH, and 20 to 25 for the C/N ratio. This review highlights the importance of integrated management of rearing parameters to optimize larval production and enhance the use of H. illucens in sustainable agri-food systems.

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