Author(s) :

Mukala K., Nsimba M., Manzuma M, Mabiala M, Kabongo M., Onosaka S., Zana N., Tondonzi K..

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With respect to its geographical position, the Democratic Republic of the Congo or DRC is located south of magnetic equator, an area of great variation in the horizontal component of the earth magnetic field. .Our study attempts to figure out the implication of this phenomenon in DRC. Our analysis is limited to the solar cycle 1955-1965. It is based on 5 quiet magnetic each day as well as on the data from two observatories, Binza and Karavia. After data analysis, this study shows that the DRC is under the influence of Hall and Pedersen current called ionospheric current, which circulates in the earth's ionosphere with regard to the magnetic equator. These currents are responsible of some of the magnetic phenomena including thunderstorm and magnetic storm in neutral atmosphere. But also there are responsible of current induction into the crust, which generates large variations of the horizontal component of the earth magnetic field on ground. These effects occur between dawn and dusk with varying intensities during the day. From the above mentioned, it is important to take into account the variation in the intensity of the ionospheric current in general in order to better protect the magnetic network against the induction of the current in the crust but also to protect the terrestrial environment against solar radiation. Keywords: Horizontal component, ionospheric current, sunspot.

No. of Downloads :

12

Author(s) :

Bushobole Akiba Derrick, Mihuhi Rusati Nicolas .

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The purpose of this work is to know the causes responsible for the incidence of unwanted pregnancies in schools. On the one hand, it is a question here of determining the level of knowledge of secondary school students in the city of Uvira on sexual and reproductive health, discovering risky sexual attitudes and behaviors but also determining their level of use of methods prevention of unwanted pregnancies. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study covering the period from September 2010 to June 2011. The study focused on 110 students from the 1st to 6th secondary years of the Nuru and Zawadi ya Raisi institutes in Uvira. It appears from this study that 72.8% know the menstrual cycle and its meaning; 63.5% know the average length of the menstrual cycle and 91% claim to know is that unwanted pregnancy. The fertile period is ignored by young people at 54%. As for knowledge of contraception, 73% of young people have no knowledge of contraceptives apart from the definition of this concept, while 79% of respondents claim to be sexually active, and of these 63% confirm that they are not have never used any contraceptive method. Faced with this low level of knowledge among young people, and their risky sexual practices, joint action by parents, the health system and the education system is necessary in order to considerably reduce the extent of this phenomenon, for fear of seeing all schooling efforts.

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15

Author(s) :

Augustin Lisimo Alingi, Jupsy Ngalula Lisinga.

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Being an impartial, neutral and independent organization not-governmental international, the International Committee of the Red Cross has the role of protecting the life and dignity from the victims of the war and internal violence, to bring the assistance to them. The Eastern Province in Democratic Republic of Congo profits from it enormously, because of the active presence of this Committee which intervenes and prevents the suffering by the reinforcement of the principles of humanity and the right. And it is in time of hostilities in period of war and post-conflict that this intervention is more visible and remarkable and that, more on the side of the victims of the human atrocities. On this, our problem is articulated around one principal question: Which are the causes and the consequences of the wars having prevailed in the Eastern Province, which required the intervention of the International Committee of the Red Cross? The objectives in this study are to identify the actions carried out by the International Committee of the Red Cross, so that in the event of non-effectiveness of its intervention, this last can cure its weaknesses in the future. To reach the explanation, we chose the systemic analysis by inputs of which requests and declarations of the population victim; the outputs of which answers and solutions brought to the victims by the urgent qualified ones; limps black made up of authorities of decision-making of the International Committee of the Red Cross; and by the feedback having milked with the attitude of the population either by satisfaction, or by statutes-quo, or by the refusal towards the solutions brought to their request. Through this study, we affirm that the International Committee of the Red Cross had contributed for peace by the actions of humane interference, such as medical care, drinking waters, rehabilitation, repatriation, re-establishment, cleansing and supply of the rural centers of health and other materials. In any sum, the International Committee of the Red Cross, in spite of its contribution for the support with peace, the total pacification of its civil populations, since the Democratic Republic of Congo east one of the States signatories adhering to the Charter of the Organization of the United Nations. The peace returns in first line to the Member States of the United Nations and signatories of conventions and additional protocols of Geneva.

No. of Downloads :

13

Author(s) :

Seguin Boita Loelele, Steve Nguvulu Lufuma, Ibrahim Nyembo Kalenge , Yannick Liolocha Heradi.

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La République démocratique du Congo est un pays aux dimensions continentales. Il n’est pas facile de l’administrer, la décentralisation territoriale s’impose alors comme une issue rassurante pour booster son développement sur le plan politique, économique, social et culturel à partir de la base, c’est-à-dire, les provinces, villes, communes et chefferies. Il est donc prétentieux de penser apporter une réponse à toutes les attentes de la population; cela relève de l’illusion et de la pure démagogie. Pour atteindre l’explication de notre objet d’étude, nous avons fait usage de la méthode juridique, qui nous a permis de consulter des ouvrages, commentaires et résumer des conférences, qui touchent à notre objet d’étude ainsi que la technique documentaire, qui nous a également servi d’enrichir le contenu de notre article. Ainsi donc, nous disons que la décentralisation en République Démocratique du Congo est confrontée à plusieurs problèmes qui sont soit d’ordre politique, financier, économique, social et moral. Pour ces problèmes nous pouvons citer notamment, en premier lieu, le découpage territorial qui exige des moyens matériels et financiers. Mais notre problème ne se situe vraiment pas à ce niveau, car la décentralisation est déjà consacrée et effective, notre problème est celui du développement influencé par la décentralisation. Mots-clés : Collectivité, constitution, décentralisation, démocratie, développement, Territoire. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a country of continental dimensions. It is not easy to administer it, territorial decentralization then imposes itself as a reassuring way to boost its development on the political, economic, social and cultural level from the base, that is to say, provinces, cities, towns and chiefdoms. It is therefore pretentious to think of providing an answer to all the expectations of the population; this is an illusion and pure demagoguery. To reach the explanation of our object of study, we made use of the legal method, which allowed us to consult works, comments and summarize conferences, which touch on our object of study as well as the documentary technique, which also served to enrich the content of our article. Thus, we say that decentralization in the Democratic Republic of Congo is faced with several problems which are political, financial, economic, social and moral. For these problems we can cite in particular, in the first place, the territorial division which requires material and financial means. But our problem is really not at this level because decentralization is already consecrated and effective; our problem is that of development influenced by decentralization. Keywords: Community, constitution, decentralization, democracy, development, Territory

No. of Downloads :

27

Author(s) :

Nangalire Nankafu Orléanne, Cirhuza Cimwemwesa Sylvie, , Iragi Kaboyi Gentil., Ntamwira Niranda Seintsheng, Ntamwira Niranda Seintsheng.

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La présente étude contribue à la connaissance de la diversité de la flore et de la mise à jour des données floristiques de sites des eaux thermales dans huit sites (Burhinzi, Luhwindja, Kankulé, Kakonde, Cimenki, Cizirhi, Buhandahanda, Nyangezi) situés aux environs de la ville de Bukavu. La méthode phytosociologique a été utilisée dans une zone d’échantillonnage de 10 m, de part et d’autre du site, dans laquelle deux relevés de 4 m2 étaient réalisés. La méthode d’échantillonnage consistait à un inventaire quantitatif afin de relever les divers indices d’abondances spécifiques. Les résultats montrent un inventaire des espèces végétales présentes dans les sites thermaux regroupées en 33 familles, 83 genres et 101 espèces dont les familles d’Asteraceae, Poaceae et Fabaceae sont les plus abondantes. Les herbes dominent sur les arbres et la plupart des flores étudiées se regroupe dans les thérophytes. La comparaison de la richesse spécifique entre les différents sites sur base du test ANOVA montre qu’il n’y a pas de différence significative entre les sites (P > 0 ,001 ; F=1,881).

No. of Downloads :

47

Author(s) :

C.A. Masengo, K.N. Ngbolua, D. Ipepe, P.T. Mpiana.......

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Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer le potentiel économique des feuilles de Lippia multiflora dans la partie Ouest de la République démocratique du Congo depuis la cueillette jusqu’à la vente, d’une part et d’autre part d’en évaluer l’activité antifalcémiante in vitro de l’extrait aqueux. Pour ce faire, une enquête a été réalisée auprès de la population composée des paysans et des vendeurs impliqués respectivement dans la cueillette et la vente de L. multiflora, en utilisant la technique d’échantillonnage par boule de neige. Les logiciels Microsoft Excel version 2010, SPSS version 20 et Origin version 8.5 Pro ont été utilisés pour le traitement et l’analyse des données. L’évaluation de l’activité anti-drépanocytaire in vitro a été réalisée en utilisant le test d’Emmel. Les résultats ont montré que L. multiflora constitue une source de revenu pour la population tant rurale qu’urbaine avec un revenu de plus de 300.000 CDF (150 USD) qui est affecté à l’éducation et à la santé. Les expériences in vitro ont indiqué un taux de normalisation élevé de drépanocytes. Au regard de ces résultats, la domestication de cette plante dans quelques régions agro-écologiques de la République Démocratique du Congo est vivement souhaitée. En outre, il serait également souhaitable que les industries agro-alimentaires et pharmaceutiques s’intéressent à cette filière. Mots clés: Lippia multiflora, produits forestiers non ligneux, thé de Gambie, Drépanocytose, République Démocratique du Congo.

No. of Downloads :

38

Author(s) :

Augustin Lisimo Alingi, Christelle Bolingi Mitimiti.

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TThe Intergovernmental Authority for the Development is a sous regional international organization, working in the horn of Africa. Like any other international organization, it must be assumed to seek, reinforce and consolidate peace and the collective security. To this end, it tries to create the mechanisms of prevention, management and of resolution of the intraofficial and interetatic conflicts by the dialogue, the mediation, the negotiation and even by the military interposition. Operating in the horn of Africa, it is revealing principle of equality between the Member States. The aspirations of human rights cannot be dissociated with this principle. Being an international organization in sous regional matter, how the Intergovernmental Authority for the Development contributes it to the restoration of peace in the horn of Africa? Taking into consideration our objective, we would like to know starting from the contribution of each Member State, if there were effectiveness of the activities, actions, means and strategies of the Intergovernmental Authority for the Development on the ground of study. For that purpose, we made recourse to the structuralist method which, to analyze and explain the facts, one has as an ambition to make understandable the remarks by elucidating the structure of which they font left. ¶The documentary observation could be indicated best, because it is a technique which consists to study and analyze the documents which carry the traces. Taking account of our scientific exercise, it is necessary to corroborate that, the Intergovernmental Authority for the Development, with the support of its allies the Organization of the United Nations and the African Union, was implied in a considerable way to restore peace by the negotiation, mediation, the agreements and resolutions temporary or durable in the horn of Africa. In any sum, in spite of the crisis South-Sudanese woman, the Intergovernmental Authority for the Development brought back and restored, with the assistance of its allies, with fur and measurement, the harmonization of the policies to the profit of trade, agriculture, natural resources and services, as well as the customs, transport in the horn of Africa. All this to avoid the waves of moved wars without shelter, as for us, who could even penetrate Is Democratic Republic of Congo, because we divide the borders with South-Sudan and Uganda.

No. of Downloads :

49