Author(s) :

Muntotombe Botonga Ghislain, Mussa Kalambayi Andy.

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Logging is an economic activity, but it alters the naturel landscape and disrupts biodiversity. The aim of this study is to identify the exploited tree species, and to examine the perceptions of the inhabitants of the environmental impact of this exploitation. Interviews were conducted in eight villages in Bikoro Territory. Data was collected from November 2020 to January 2021 by administering questionnaires to local resident. A total of 106 respondents took part in the study whose average age was 40 years, 58% of respondents had an unfavorable opinion on the exploitation of wood because if often involves the reduction/or disappearance of food animals and insects and seasonal disturbance.

No. of Downloads :

13

Author(s) :

Bushobole Akiba Derrick, Nakalali Ndambara Elie, Mihuhi Rusati Nicolas, Saili Stay Mushobekwa, Byakujoga Rugema Bontemps, Antoinette Mukandja, Aimerance Aksanti , Mutono Matongo Jacques, Dina Katibula Esther, Neema Dorcas la douce.

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L’objet de cette étude est d’analyser la prévalence, l’impact sur le rendement et les problèmes générateurs des stress chez les agents administratifs dans les institutions d’Enseignement Supérieur et Universitaire de la ville et territoire d’Uvira. Elle est une étude descriptive transversale faite chez 86 agents administratifs dans 3 institutions d’enseignement supérieur et universitaire publique d’Uvira sur le 4 que compte la ville, de Mars à novembre 2022. Après analyse, tous les enquêtés affirment être informés sur le stress, et de tous 79% prouve leur bonne connaissance en définissant correctement le stress. La prévalence du stress chez les agents est de 96,4%. De tous, dans l’état de stress 85,4% se disent être très perturbé et ne peuvent donc pas travailler. A 89,2% la production journalière est perturbée par la survenue de stress chez l’agent et la capacité intellectuelle du stressé ne fonctionne pas normalement. Certains facteurs principaux ont été identifiés comme cause des stress chez les agents enquêtés, dont: à 54,2 % Insuffisance du salaire, les mauvaises conditions de travail vient avec 26,6%, les charges liées à la fonction 16,8% et autres. Au vu de ce qui précède, il est important que le gouvernement qui est l’employeur revoie à la hausse les salaires octroyés aux agents administratifs de l’enseignement supérieur et universitaire leur permettant ainsi à répondre aux besoins fondamentaux. Ainsi, aux Comités de Gestion de pouvoir créer un climat de travail favorable et une bonne collaboration et/ou communication entre la hiérarchie et les agents. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence, the impact on performance and the stress-generating problems among administrative agents in higher and university education institutions in the city and territory of Uvira. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among 86 administrative agents in 3 higher education and university institutions in Uvira out of the 4 in the city of Uvira, from March to November 2022. After analysis, all respondents claim to be informed about stress, and of all 79% prove their good knowledge by correctly defining stress. The prevalence of stress among agents is 96.4%. Of all, in the state of stress 85.4% say they are very disturbed and therefore cannot work. At 89.2% the daily production is disturbed by the occurrence of stress in the agent and the intellectual capacity of the stressed person does not function normally. Some main factors were identified as causes of stress among the officers surveyed, including: at 54.2% Insufficient salary, poor working conditions comes with 26.6%, duties related to 16.8% and others . In view of the foregoing, it is important that the government, which is the employer, revise upwards the salaries granted to administrative staff in higher and university education, thus enabling them to meet basic needs. Thus, the Management Committees to be able to create a favorable working climate and good collaboration and/or communication between the hierarchy and the agents.

No. of Downloads :

18

Author(s) :

Mbanga, L. Lenghomo, P. Ngoy, A.S. Lundemba, M. Zuka, K.N. Ngbolua, P.T. Mpiana.

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The aim of the present research is to study the antioxidant properties of eight seeds [carrot, Moringa oleifera, soya bean, coconut, Cucurbita maxima (Ccm), palm walnut (Pmw), Vigna unguiculata called niebe and Citrullus lanatus (Ctl)] extracts using radical DPPH as model in view of their possible application as antisolar agents. Ethyl acetate seed extracts were prepared with methanol as solvent and the absorbance were recorded after reaction with the radical DPPH using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The EC50, the antiradical power (ARP) and the stoechiometry of eight seeds extracts were determinated. It was noticed that three of the tested herbal extracts namely carrot, Pmw and niebe showed some antioxidant properties. The carrot extracts gave the better results with an EC50, an ARP and a stoechiometry of 1.12, 0.89 and 0.45 respectively. Five seeds extracts (Ccm, moringa, Ctl, coconut and soya) didn't show antioxidant properties. Thus, the carrot extracts are most active whereas five samples did not show reactivity towards radical DPPH. Le but de la présente recherche est d’étudier les propriétés antioxydantes de huit extraits de graines [carotte, Moringa oleifera, soja, noix de coco, Cucurbita maxima (Ccm), noix de palme (Pmw), Vigna unguiculata appelée niebe et Citrullus lanatus (Ctl)] en utilisant le radical DPPH comme modèle en vue de leur possible application en tant qu'agents antisolaires. Les extraits de graines en acétate d'éthyle ont été préparés avec du méthanol comme solvant et l'absorbance a été enregistrée après réaction avec le radical DPPH à l'aide d'un spectrophotomètre UV-vis. La CE50, le pouvoir antiradicalaire (ARP) et la stoechiométrie de huit extraits de graines ont été déterminés. Il a été constaté que trois des extraits de plantes testés, à savoir la carotte, le Pmw et le niebe, présentaient des propriétés antioxydantes. Les extraits de carotte ont donné les meilleurs résultats avec une EC50, un ARP et une stoechiométrie de 1.12, 0.89 et 0.45 respectivement. Cinq extraits de graines (Ccm, moringa, Ctl, noix de coco, soja) n'ont pas montré de propriétés antioxydantes. Ainsi, les extraits de carotte sont les plus actifs alors que cinq échantillons n'ont pas montré de réactivité vis-à-vis du radical DPPH.

No. of Downloads :

26

Author(s) :

Kalokalo Yangonde Julien, Kadimba Ilunga Marcel.

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Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’éducation non formelle en faveur des femmes vulnérables. Elle part du constat selon lequel, la RDC est confrontée à de nombreux défis, qui sont autant de nouvelles occasions à saisir. La démocratisation, la mondialisation, la décentralisation, la guerre à l’Est du pays, le VIH/SIDA, l’Ebola, le COVID-19 et d'autres facteurs sont en train de transformer les besoins et les priorités d'apprentissage. A cet effet, l’objet de la présente est d’étayer l’argumentation voulant que la participation des femmes à l’éducation non formelle (hors du milieu scolaire) permettra de construire la justice sociale et le soutien de celles qui en sont exclues à travers des voies alternatives d’éducation afin d’accroître la classe moyenne qui renversera la tendance. A ce titre, l’éducation non formelle ne comble pas seulement un vide. Elle permet aussi à l’Etat congolais de considérer ses besoins éducatifs dans l’ensemble en vue de réaliser l'objectif d’éducation pour tous. De plus, l'éducation non formelle est plus apte à répondre aux besoins exprimés par les groupes défavorisés et offre l'avantage d'être plus ancrée dans le lieu de travail et le terrain. Elle peut donc être considérée comme moteur du développement en RDC, en forgeant des liens plus efficaces entre l'éducation et les réalités de la vie quotidienne. This study is part of non-formal education for vulnerable women. It starts from the observation that the DRC is facing many challenges, which are all new opportunities to be seized. Democratization, globalization, decentralization, war in the east of the country, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19 and other factors are transforming learning needs and priorities. To this end, the purpose of this article is to support the argument that the participation of women in non-formal education (outside the school environment) will make it possible to build social justice and support for those who are excluded from it through alternative avenues of education to increase the middle class that will reverse the trend. As such, non-formal education does not just fill a void. It also allows the Congolese State to consider its educational needs as a whole in order to achieve the goal of education for all. Moreover, non-formal education is better able to respond to the needs expressed by disadvantaged groups and offers the advantage of being more rooted in the workplace and the field. It can therefore be seen as a driver of development in the DRC, forging more effective links between education and the realities of daily life.

No. of Downloads :

59

Author(s) :

Musantu Mbutamene Achille.

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The transfer of Patrice Emery Lumumba to Katanga was organized by the Congolese authorities in Léopoldville. To do this, they have benefited from the support of Belgian government authorities, and more specifically African affairs collaborators and their collaborators. Belgian advisers stationed in Leopoldville helped organize the transfer. There is no document or testimony that research has revealed that the Belgian government or any of its members ordered the physical elimination of Patrice Emery Lumumba. It does not emerge from the investigation that there was premeditation to assassinate or have Lumumba assassinated by the Heads of the Belgian authorities when they attempted to have him transferred to Katanga. However, it is clear that the government did not care about Lumumba's physical integrity. He viewed Patrice Emery Lumumba's security as secondary compared to other interests. By not taking or considering the possible risks presented by the transfer and by not asking to guarantee with regard to the physical integrity or by not even insisting that he be accorded treatment in accordance with human dignity and a trial normal, the government showed a lack of precaution and respect with regard to the rule of law. This leads us to conclude that certain members of the Belgian government and other Belgian actors have a moral responsibility in the circumstances which led to the death of Patrice Emery Lumumba.

No. of Downloads :

29

Author(s) :

Kadimba Ilunga Marcel, Kalokola Yangonde Julien.

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The anomalies that handicap the development of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have constituted the material around which our reflection gravitates. The purpose of this research is to identify the real evils that are hampering the development of the DRC and to try to provide possible solutions. It has been shown that it is the political institutions that are at the root of the misery of the population. By diagnosing the DRC, several evils gnaw at it in the institutional framework, in particular, institutional myopia, institutional presbyopia and even institutional color blindness. It would then require institutional reforms accompanied by quality leadership at the top of the state and above all patriotism to hope for the best.

No. of Downloads :

37

Author(s) :

Muamba Yombo Peter, Phaka Ngimbi Jacques, Tshiunza Mbuyamba Eric, Engombe Wedi Boniface.

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This analysis is performed on the written questions put to test at the end of primary school called TENAFEP targeting children roughly twelve years. The questions asked during the study period, from 2003 to 2010, reveals that only 38% of subjects have been the object of this evaluation. It comes out a reformulation of the standards of evaluation describing a sampling of the questionings in adequacy with the whole of the objectives to be aimed at the end of the trainings of primary education in Democratic Republic of Congo.

No. of Downloads :

45

Author(s) :

Muamba Yombo Peter, Phaka Ngimbi Jacques.

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This article is a pedagogical tool whose construction is described in a practical way on the basis of the Situational Approach starting from the difficulties experienced by learners during their first years of schooling. This tool, which is a support for teachers and researchers, shows how to build learning situations adapted to their socio-cultural environment in different stages. during this period and to demonstrate that liberal democracy requires the embodiment of its fundamental values. Starting from the reflection that interrogates the street as a competitive political space by discussing mainly on the difficulties faced by political and social actors when they consider investing it through the organization of demonstrations. We remained concerned with the concern to give the concept of manifestation, the brief historical overview of the 2011 and 2018 elections, the legal framework and violations of the right to demonstrate in the background, the exercise of the right to freedom of demonstration as well as future prospects.

No. of Downloads :

13