Author(s) :

Makengo Dingombe Michel, Lilomba Bokila Simon .

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Abstract :

The father of Pan-Africanism (Kwameh Krumah) predicted that without the union of Africa, no development could be achieved. Diachronously, the Monrovia Declaration (1979), the Lagos Plan of Action and the Lagos Final Act (1980), the Abuja Treaty (51991), the African Union and finally the African Continental Free Trade Area are undeniable phases in the process of African integration. The agreement on the African continental free-trade area constitutes the first stage in the phases of the integration process as provided for in the Abuja Treaty establishing the African Economic Community, which is based on eight (8) regional economic communities (RECs) recognized by the African Union following the decision on the moratorium on the recognition of RECs by Assembly/AU/Dec.112 (VII) at the First Conference of African Ministers of Integration held on March 30 and 31, 2006 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, which means that those RECs that have not yet created their own free-trade zones must do so? The integration process is long, but irreversible.

No. of Downloads :

17

Author(s) :

Bilama Mwanamasiala Tonny , Adambi Mabanga Trésor , Makimbeti Temba Tina, Tshimanga Lukusa Pitchou .

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The Democratic Republic of Congo does not need expertise of a any foreign army, and especially neighboring countries to bring peace and securty in its national territory; especially to neutralize the rebels of the May 23 movemengt. All it lacks is the political will for which we will not stop pleading for the purpose of guaranteeing our armed forces the best living and working conditions.It has an army made up of real daughters and sons, well organized and dedicated to the defense of the country, until the supreme sacrifice and the definitive return of peace. To achieve this, our army requires only one thing: the necessary equipment and decent traiment.Somme of these armed self-defense groups are ready to surrender and lay down their arms, provided that a good policy of disarmament, demobilization and reitegration is applied to them and that their elements are taken care of in a holistic manner. And this work does not require the presence of foreign armies on Congolese soil, on the contrary a national consciousness focused on lasting peace by favoring Democracy, good governance and the rule of law in the true sense of the term.

No. of Downloads :

34

Author(s) :

Bilama Mwana Masala Tonny, Adambi Mabanga Trésor, Yuma Amuri Pascal , Centre de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (CRESH), Département des Sciences Politiques, Administratives, Relations Internationales et Bonne Gouvernance, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo .

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According to a report from the General Inspectorate of Finance (IGF) of the Democratic Republic of Congo, at the origin of the legal proceeding opposing the Public Prosecutor’s Office aganst the defandants Matata Ponyo, former Prime Minister and others, more than 205 million dollars Americans out of 285 disbursed by the Public Treasury would have been diverted within the framework of the management of the Bukangalonzo Agri-Food Parc. For not having put in place monitoring mechanisms, Matata Ponyo is accused by the IGF of « guilty negligence » leadingto opacity in the management of the project and overcharging for goods and services. Thus on November 15, 2021, the constitutional court declared itself incompetent to judge a former prime Minister and released the Defendant Matata Ponyo from allhis charges. This same court handed down a judgment on Nonvember 18, 2022 giving in the jurisdiction to judge a former prime Minister, thus pluging us into a situation where, for the same case, the court ruled in two different ways. One thing and its opposite generated by the high court supposed to preach the absolute practice of law in judicial circles. In Congo, the constistutional judge has already expressed himself, there is no more debate, to the public authorities this decision is imposed, to the people, he is opposed, but it is not surprising that the Scientific comments, the against each other, engaging in discussions on the same subject. The probleme for each side is firstly to agree on the notion of the natural judge in law, then the criminal jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court.

No. of Downloads :

52

Author(s) :

Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy , Rakotomamonjy Pierre, Ralaibia Boniface Erménégilde, Letsara Rokiman, Razafindrazanakolona Danie, Razafindrakoto Fanoina Ny Riana, Razafimahaleo Tsanta Fiderana, Pius T. Mpiana, Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua.

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Abstract :

The study of avocado pulp samples reveals distinct mineral compositions, highlighting their potential for nutritional and industrial applications. Notably, the Fucca variety from Vakinankaratra shows the highest magnesium levels, while elements such as sulfur, calcium, and cobalt are absent. Potassium, magnesium, and aluminum are present across varieties, with other minerals detectable in trace amounts. Fucca surpasses the Fuerte and Bacon cultivars in mineral content, with water content ranging from 46% to 55%. The protein content is significantly higher in Fucca from Vakinankaratra (42.28%) and Fuerte from Itasy (46.01%) compared to other varieties, which have much lower protein levels. Organic matter is high in all varieties, especially Fucca from Itasy (69.37%). Water-extractable substances are notably higher in Fucca from Itasy, contrasting with the absence of flavonoids and leucoanthocyanins in Bacon and Fuerte pulps. All varieties contain trace amounts of tannins, with low polyphenol levels in Fucca from Itasy. Different quantities of pulp and drying methods influence oil yield, varying from 49 to 56 grams per 100 grams of dry pulp. Fucca from Vakinankaratra has the highest oil content (56.93%), followed by Fucca from Itasy (53.15%), Bacon from Vakinankaratra (52.03%), and Fuerte from Itasy (49.37%). These findings highlight the nutritional diversity of avocado varieties, suggesting potential targeted applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries to optimize the use and value of this versatile fruit.

No. of Downloads :

40

Author(s) :

Aristote Matondo, Christian V. Mulombela, Mardochée M. Kadima, Kelly T. Mwanda, Mbanga Lokebo, Hilaire V.S. Mambo, Pierre O. Lohohola, Damien S.T. Tshibangu, Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua, Sylvie-Mireille N. Bambi, Pius T. Mpiana.

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Abstract :

Medical Cutaneous pharmacokinetics and toxicology are important in cosmetology, because the harmful effects of ultraviolet light require external photoprotection, such as sunscreens containing sunscreens. However, some of these compounds are toxic to the skin. As a result, natural plant-based products are increasingly being studied for their low toxicity. This study used bioinformatics tools to assess the toxicity of six molecules, three from Aloe vera and three from watermelon. With the exception of lycopene, all the molecules have a good toxicological profile. Computational approaches are presented are presented as rapid and inexpensive tools for making predictions basis for future experimental studies.

No. of Downloads :

78

Author(s) :

Zuka Maniania B, Muntumosi Senzedi M. , Mbungu Tsumbu J. P, Mulaba Bafubiandi A, Bopili Mbotia Lepiba R, Eyumu L.

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Mining extraction activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo result in the production of hydrometallurgical effluents containing varying concentrations of metallic ions. These effluents are often discharged into the environment without proper treatment, leading to ecological imbalances and severe illnesses in animals and humans. It is crucial to treat these effluents before releasing them into the natural environment. This study presents a technical approach for developing polymeric membranes capable of adsorbing metallic ions from aqueous solutions of hydrometallurgical effluents. A sodium alginate polymeric membrane was synthesized and characterized using various techniques including X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence, Transmission Electronic Microscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Mechanical Traction. Adsorption experiments were conducted using aqueous solutions of nickel sulphate prepared in the laboratory and hydrometallurgical aqueous solutions from a factory. The results showed that the adsorption of nickel (Ni2+) ions on the polymeric membrane is faster in the hydrometallurgical solution compared to the nickel sulphate solution. This phenomenon appears to be mainly governed by short-range forces such as Van der Waals forces. The Hill-Langmuir model was used to describe the adsorption experiments, and the analysis of the model parameters indicated that the adsorption of Ni2+ ions on the sodium alginate polymeric membrane is more efficient in solutions containing only one type of ion compared to complex aqueous solutions. This is due to the competition between different metallic ions present in complex solutions, which are not the case in the nickel sulphate solution where only Ni2+ ions are present. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the coordination number (n) for Ni2+ ions in a "receiving" site of the polymeric membrane is smaller in the nickel sulphate solution (2.22) compared to the hydrometallurgical aqueous solution (2.85).

No. of Downloads :

8

Author(s) :

Zuka Maniania B, Muntumosi Senzedi M. , Mbungu Tsumbu J. P, Mulaba Bafubiandi A, Mbonsei Lobota A, Lofutu Bolemole G , Bopili Mbotia Lepiba R.

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This research focuses on the treatment of hydrometallurgical effluents, specifically studying the adsorption of metallic ions such as Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, Mercury, and lead on natural clays from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Twelve clay samples, six activated with a strong acid and six non-activated, were characterized using various techniques including X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and chemical dosage. The characterization revealed that the clays are mixed with several clayey minerals, enriched in aluminum silicate; contain absorption and water retention sites, and exhibit heterogeneities at the interfaces between grains and exchangeable ions. Activating the clays increased their cation exchange capacities, removed impurities, and increased pore size and specific area. Two aqueous solutions were used in the experiments: a laboratory-prepared nickel sulfate solution and a hydrometallurgical aqueous solution from a factory, both initially containing 15 mgL-1 of Ni2+ ions. Results showed that the adsorption of Ni2+ ions increased with the quantity of clay in the solution. The activated clays adsorbed more ions than non-activated clays at the same Ni2+ ion concentration. Additionally, adsorption was weaker in the hydrometallurgical solution compared to the nickel sulfate solution, suggesting competition from other metallic ions. The optimal adsorption occurred with chemically activated clays containing high Na+ , Fe2+ , and Al3+ ion content and low K+ ion content. The Hill-Langmuir model was used to describe the adsorption results, revealing that minimal quantities of activated clay were needed to adsorb a large quantity of Ni2+ ions in the solution, whereas large quantities of non-activated clays were insufficient. In conclusion, the research demonstrates the potential of natural clays from the DRC to adsorb metallic ions from hydrometallurgical effluents, providing insights for effective treatment methods in the future. The model revealed that the clay samples A2a clay, A6a and A3na have the very elevated reactional sites concentrations.

No. of Downloads :

21

Author(s) :

Bangata Bitha Nyi Mbunzu Jean Christian, Mobambo Kitume Ngongo Patrick.

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Abstract :

Silvo-banana systems are an effective response, on the one hand, to the problems of improving banana productivity, and on the other, to the preservation of our forests, especially in regions where deforestation is increasing. In order to improve banana production in Kinshasa, an evaluative study of silvo-banana systems was carried out under Batéké plateau conditions. The aim was to compare different banana-tree associations, in order to determine their impact on banana productivity. Five banana cultivars were combined with twelve tree species, divided into three groups: legumes, non-legumes and fruit trees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of forest trees on the behavior of banana plants during the second production cycle. These banana plants were derived from successor shoots selected at the end of the first production cycle. With regard to the results obtained with PCA, it should be noted that of the 60 forest-banana associations studied, the most successful (high bun weight and yield) were those formed with the cultivar Nsikumuna in association with: Pterocarpus indicus Willd; Millettia laurentii; Maesopsis eminii Engl; Gmelina arborea Roxb; Eugenia malaccensis L.; Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl; Persea americana; Terminalia superba Anglais. & Diels; Mangifera indica L. and Dacryodes edulis. All these species can be selected and recommended for use in silvobanana systems, with particular emphasis on the first four.

No. of Downloads :

17