Author(s) :

Yves Aseke Lukuke, Soleil Lunkayilakio Wamuini , Cush Luwesi Ngonzo, Patience Mpia Ngelinkoto, Godé Bosongo Bola, Génie-Spirou Kiala Lutonadio , Landry Nzamipiele Nkaba, Marcel Adoko Bagala, Rigobert Zola Lunga, Pascal Masawula Kazwenga , Richard Sabimana Gasigwa , Raphael Muamba Tshimanga.

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Abstract :

The rarity of fish species in Pool Malebo, an expansion of the Congo River located between Kinshasa and Brazzaville, is a major concern for both food security and aquatic biodiversity. The artisanal fishing sites of Kinkole and Kingabwa, heavily exploited, face increasing anthropogenic pressures, including overfishing, the use of destructive fishing gear, and non-compliance with breeding seasons. To identify the key factors driving species rarity, a survey was conducted among 220 fishers, evenly distributed across the two sites, using a structured questionnaire documenting fishing practices, regulatory compliance, and available economic alternatives. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression to assess the effect of regulatory, technical, and socio-economic variables on the probability of observing rare species. Results indicate that the absence of fishing closure periods, lack of regulatory monitoring and enforcement, the use of destructive fishing methods, and the deployment of non-compliant gear are the primary factors contributing to species rarity. The lack of fisher support and alternative livelihood options constitutes a secondary but relevant factor. The analysis highlights the multifactorial and cumulative nature of pressure on fish stocks, where no single factor fully explains the situation. These findings underscore the need for integrated management: strict prohibition of destructive fishing methods, effective implementation of biological rest periods, and strengthened fisher support coupled with the promotion of alternative activities. Sustainable preservation of Pool Malebo’s fish biodiversity depends on the combination of regulatory, technical, and socio-economic measures.

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