Author(s) :

Baby le vent Kabidi Banunginikwau, Génie-Spirou Kiala Lutonadio1 & , Luwesi Ngonzo Cush.

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Abstract :

In a context of energy transition and limited basic energy infrastructure in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it is relevant to conduct this study in order to encourage rural users to prioritize gravitational energy, where possible, to supply drinking water to communities facing water scarcity. This study, conducted in the Popokabaka territory in Kwango Province, aims to compare three water supply systems gravitational, hydraulic (Kaplan turbine), and thermal (diesel generator) over the period 2017 to 2025, in order to identify the most sustainable solutions for rural areas. The analysis is based on a comparative methodology integrating operating costs, standardized energy performance, and a SWOT evaluation, using data provided by technicians from user associations. For each category, a specific case was selected based on data availability, as some systems are no longer operational. The results show that the gravitational system, with a monthly cost of $144, stands out for its low environmental footprint and technical simplicity, making it the most viable option when topographical conditions are favorable. The hydraulic system represents a relevant alternative in steep areas, despite higher costs ($372/month) and greater complexity. In contrast, the thermal system appears economically and environmentally disadvantageous ($769.56/month), due to its dependence on fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. It is recommended to prioritize gravitational solutions whenever natural conditions permit and to integrate local water resources into territorial energy planning. Data availability constraints were observed, as the study was limited to Popokabaka, Kasongo-Lunda, and Kahemba. Further research is encouraged

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